 Presidential
Executive Order - "On May 26, 2000, President Clinton
signed Executive Order 13158 on Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
to strengthen the protection of U.S. ocean and coastal resources.
On June 4, 2001, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Donald Evans announced
that President Bush's Administration intended to retain and
proceed with the Executive Order (EO). The EO is a significant
milestone that directs the Departments of Commerce and the
Interior, and other federal agencies, to strengthen and expand
a national system of MPAs by working closely with state, territorial,
local, tribal, and other stakeholders." (Marine Protected
Areas of the United States (c), 2002).
As explained in the Executive Order above, many separate jurisdictions
may create varying definitions and processes for establishing
Special Places for heightened protection. California legislation
offers one methodology for classifying a range of definitions
that cover multiple concerns about protecting and managing
ocean resources.
Owner/Operator
Manual for California's Marine Life Protection Act
- a publication of the Surfrider Foundation. Available for
download (PDF file).
MPA
News — International news and analysis
on marine protected areas
Surfrider
Foundation’s "2002 State of the Beach Report"
- What state is your beach in? The State of the Beach report
applies that critical "surfer's eye" to the conditions of
our nation's beaches. For three years we have been collecting
information in the areas of beach access, surf zone water
quality, beach erosion, beach nourishment, shoreline structures,
and surfing areas to get an understanding of the condition
of our nation's beaches. 2002
State of the Beach Report
"Scientific
Consensus Statement on Marine Reserves and Marine Protected
Areas"
This statement, signed by 150 of the world's leading marine
scientists, is the culmination of several years' study by
an international group of marine scientists, and declares
that "marine reserves are a highly effective but under-appreciated
and under-utilized tool" for improving the overall health
of the oceans. http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/fmt/doc?/frames.html
"Ocean
Zoning: A Scoping Paper for the Marine Fish Conservation Network"
By Rod Fujita - Environmental Defense Fund. The paper emphasizes
that zoning can be effective for separating incompatible uses
spatially. Ocean
Zoning paper
"Comments
of the Marine Fish Conservation Network on the Principles
for Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management" By Rod
Fujita - Environmental Defense Fund. The comments discuss
the potential improvements to fishery management through marine
reserves and a precautionary approach. Ecosystem
Management Paper
The
Gulf of Maine Marine Protected Areas Project: The Gulf of
Maine Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) Project is an international
effort to consider a coordinated approach to the establishment
of MPAs. These pages will act as a central clearinghouse for
information related to the project. It will allow project
participants and interested parties to access, review and
respond to reports during various stages of development. http://www.gulfofmaine.org/library/mpas/mpa.htm
"Marine
Protected Areas: Tools for Sustaining Ocean Ecosystem"
Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources.
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309072867/html/
"Marine
Protected Areas of Washington, Oregon and California"
Compiled by Al J. Didier, Pacific States Marine Fisheries
Commission. This comprehensive document begins to identify
some of the protected areas and sites of special designation
that could affect the marine environment off the states of
Washington, Oregon and California http://www.psmfc.org/publications/marine_prot_areas.pdf
Surfrider
Foundation articles on marine protected areas in our national
bimonthly publication MAKING WAVES: Part
I, Part
II, and Part
III
"Beach
Sand at the Base of the Food Chain" By
Peter Etnoyer, Chad Nelsen, and Kevin Ranker — Surfrider
Foundation. Marine conservation efforts tend to stop at the
water's edge while the beach forms the basis of recreational
pastime and bears the brunt of development pressure. This
paper explores the trophic linkages and ecological importance
of the beach.
For
scientific and background papers on specific regions, please
visit our special California,
Oregon, Washington,
and Alaska
pages. |
